In modern power systems, lightning disasters are a major cause of equipment damage, power outages, and even fires. With the widespread use of electronic equipment, the threat of lightning overvoltage to sensitive components has become increasingly significant. Therefore, deploying efficient and reliable lightning arrester solutions has become a critical measure to ensure stable power system operation.
The core function of a lightning arrester is to protect electrical equipment from lightning damage by limiting transient overvoltages and diverting lightning currents. Its operating principle is based on its nonlinear volt-ampere characteristic. Under normal voltage, the lightning arrester exhibits a high impedance state, barely affecting circuit operation. When exposed to lightning overvoltage, the lightning arrester rapidly switches to a low impedance state, dissipating the overcurrent to ground while keeping residual voltage within the equipment's tolerance range.
Different lightning arrester solutions require differentiated designs for different application scenarios. In low-voltage power distribution systems, a multi-level protection strategy is typically adopted: First-level lightning arresters (such as power surge protectors) are installed in the main distribution cabinet to absorb high-energy lightning strikes. Second- and third-level lightning arresters are deployed at distribution boxes and before terminal equipment to further reduce residual voltage and protect precision instruments. For communication networks and computer systems, signal lightning arresters with fast response times (nanoseconds) and low insertion loss are essential to avoid data transmission interruptions.
Key parameters to consider when selecting a lightning arrester include nominal discharge current (In), maximum current carrying capacity (Imax), protection level (Up), and voltage compatibility with the protected equipment. Furthermore, the installation location and grounding system resistance (recommended ≤10Ω) directly impact the effectiveness of the protection. Regular monitoring of the lightning arrester's operating status (such as through a degradation indicator window or remote signaling alarm) is also essential to ensure it remains in effective working order.
With technological advances, intelligent lightning protection systems are gaining popularity. They leverage IoT technology to monitor lightning arrester status, lightning strike frequency, and environmental parameters in real time, enabling predictive maintenance. This proactive protection approach further enhances the safety and reliability of power systems. In summary, scientific configuration of lightning arrester solutions, combined with standardized installation and maintenance processes, can effectively reduce lightning risks and provide long-term protection for critical infrastructure.
