In modern power systems, lightning arresters (SPDs), as key protective devices, shoulder the crucial mission of ensuring the safe operation of electrical equipment. With the increasing sophistication of electronic equipment and the continued expansion of power networks, the importance of lightning protection is becoming increasingly prominent.
The core function of a lightning arrester (SPD), also known as a surge protector (SPD), is to protect connected equipment by limiting transient overvoltages and dissipating surge currents. When lightning strikes a power line or nearby areas, it can generate transient voltages as high as hundreds of thousands of volts. If uncontrolled, this surge energy can directly damage sensitive electronic components. SPDs utilize nonlinear components such as metal oxide varistors (MOVs). These devices exhibit a high impedance state under normal operating voltages and rapidly transition to a low impedance state when the voltage exceeds a threshold, directing the overvoltage energy into the grounding system.
Modern lightning protection technology has developed a comprehensive product portfolio, categorized by application scenario, including power supply SPDs, signal SPDs, and antenna SPDs. Power surge arresters are typically installed at all levels of distribution boxes, employing a multi-level protection strategy. Signal surge arresters specifically protect weak current systems such as communication lines and network interfaces. Antenna surge arresters protect antenna systems from direct and induced lightning strikes. These devices play an irreplaceable role in building electrical systems, industrial control systems, communication base stations, and other fields.
Selecting the appropriate surge arrester requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as the system voltage level, expected surge intensity, and the characteristics of the protected object. Professional installation and regular inspections are also crucial, including maintenance measures such as checking connection reliability, measuring varistor voltages, and verifying the effectiveness of the grounding system. It is important to note that surge arresters are consumable components and their performance degrades after absorbing surges, requiring timely replacement to ensure continued protection.
The development of the Internet of Things and smart grids has placed higher demands on lightning protection. Future lightning protection technology will evolve towards intelligent monitoring, integrated design, and higher energy absorption capacity, providing more reliable protection for electrical safety in the digital age. Proper use and maintenance of surge arresters are fundamental measures to ensure the long-term stable operation of power systems and electronic equipment.
